This is CBS Eye on the World. Here's John Batchelor. Liberation Day, announced by the President of the United

States as we began what right now is in the middle of a tariff dispute with the whole world.

However, I learned from Philip Wallach, who joins me now from Johns Hopkins,

that he's a senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute and author of Why Congress.

I learned that it didn't start with Trump.

It didn't even start in the 20th century.

It started in the very famous and very helpful Thomas Jefferson administration right at the end,

the idea that a president controls tariff talk and not Congress.

There's some conflict here, so I need Phillips timeline, which he develops in Civitas Outlook,

part of the Civitas Institute at the University of Texas.

Philip, I've got to admit to you that when I read your piece, I thought, well, I can't remember

all this, but when I came to the fact that it was Thomas Jefferson, who begins this saga

of presidents in Congress, the Non-intercourse Act.

What the heck was that, Phil? Good evening to you. Nice to talk to you, John. Basically,

the point here is that when Congress starts making trade law right in the early days of our

republic, it gives a role

to the President.

And it's not just that the President needs to have some customs agent out in the port

cities who can do the enforcement.

It's that actually Congress passes a law such that the president can make a finding that changes what kind

of tariffs we're going to have at all.

So they're trying to navigate the very tricky diplomatic landscape of the Napoleonic wars

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