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Apply with £100,000 annual income or £100,000 savings or investments with HSBC UK or Premier status abroad. Hello, and welcome back to another episode of Battleground Ukraine with me, Patrick Bishop and Saul David.

A grim landmark this week, one year since the war began.

It's time to take stock, remind ourselves of just how momentous this event is in 21st century history. We'll be discussing

how the war is reshaping the world and what to expect as the conflict enters its second year.

To help us, we've also been talking to an old friend of the podcast, Colonel Pavlo Kazan,

the ecological scientist-turned-warier who now commands a four-sea unit. That's command,

control, communications and computer activities on the Eastern Front. He's got some fascinating

insights into those questions, as well as giving us a feel for the latest developments on the

battlefield. But to start off, the world really is a very different place to where it was

12 months ago, isn't it, Patrick? I think it's good to remind ourselves of the enormity of the

situation. Saul, 200,000 dead on both sides. Ukrainian cities bombarded from the air, homes, schools,

hospitals flattened, many innocent men, women and children

killed, invading troops, murdering, raping, torturing civilians, a totalitarian regime on one

side pitched against a democracy on the other. I mean, we all thought just over a year ago,

didn't we, that such a scenario belonged to history and that with the conclusion of the Second World War, we were never going to see anything like it on European soil again. Yet here we are. I think it would be useful to look back over the fundamentals of the situation and examine what we thought would happen, what the big issues that would decide events would be and how things actually

played out in reality. Yes, indeed. Well, the first big thing, obviously, was that the Russians

didn't win and the way they expected to. And what was meant to be a decapitation operation turned

into a protracted war, one that shows no sign of ending soon. But let's leave that aside

...