So we were recording on Friday, September 8th at about 12, 40 pm after a long hiatus that was

totally my fault. All my home life was very complicated this summer, but now we are back. We have

so many things we could be talking about. So what did you choose for us to talk about today?

All right, Roman. Let's start with the war on Margarine. Okay. That's not what I was expecting at all.

All right. So why the war on Margarine? Well, the Paris World Exhibition of 1866 offered a prize

for anybody who could develop a cheap substitute for butter. And the reason was that Napoleon III wanted

his armies in the Franco-Pression War to have something less expensive than butter. Butter was

getting pretty expensive. And a French chemist invented that substitute and called it Oliomargarine.

Now, I don't know if you've ever seen just plain Margarine. I have. You know, the reason why I know

any of this is that Chris Rubay did a story about this for 99% of the visible. So I know some of this

history, but plain Margarine, you would call it unappealingly gray, I guess you would say grayish white.

Exactly. And so for that reason, Margarine doesn't really take off at first until the Dutch butter

patent for it. They color it yellow and it starts to look like butter and kind of tastes like butter

and it's a lot cheaper. Margarine then arrived in the United States in the 1870s and the dairy industry

hated it. They convinced state legislatures that Margarine, which is of course half the price of

butter was dangerous and unwholesome. And by the 1880s, it became illegal. So seven states by that

time had pass laws that made making, selling, or possessing Margarine illegal. And many more states

than that restricted its sale, at least the kind of Margarine that was colored yellow. And five states

actually pass laws requiring that Margarine be colored pink so it couldn't be fraudulently sold

as butter. And in 1897, Joseph Blackburn, who was then the dairy commissioner of Ohio, made out

a criminal complaint and had a JB Thomas arrested. Now, Thomas was in charge of the central branch

of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, which was located in Ohio. And the home was

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