Article 25. Data protection by design and by default.

1. Taking into account the state of the art, the cost of implementation and the nature, scope,

contexts and purposes of processing as well as the risks of varying likelihood and

severity for rights and freedoms of natural persons posed by the

processing, the controller shall, both at the time of the determination of the means for processing,

and at the time of the processing itself, implement appropriate technical and organizational measures,

such as pseudonymization, which are designed to implement data protection principles,

such as data minimization, in an

effective manner, and to integrate the necessary safeguards into the processing in order to meet

the requirements of this regulation and protect the rights of data subjects.

2. The controller shall implement appropriate technical and organizational measures for ensuring

that, by default default only personal data

which are necessary for each specific purpose of the processing are processed. That obligation applies

to the amount of personal data collected, the extent of their processing, the period of their

storage and their accessibility. In particular, such measures shall ensure that by default personal data are not made

accessible without the individual's intervention to an indefinite number of natural persons.

3. An approved certification mechanism pursuant to Article 42 may be used as an element

to demonstrate compliance with the requirements set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article.