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Science Quickly

Beethoven's Unfinished 10th Symphony Brought to Life by Artificial Intelligence

Science Quickly

Scientific American

Science

4.31.4K Ratings

🗓️ 15 October 2021

⏱️ 7 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Nearly 200 years after his death, the German composer’s musical scratch was pieced together by machine—with a lot of human help.

Transcript

Click on a timestamp to play from that location

0:00.0

I'm Teri Sekiri, and this is Scientific Americans' 60-Second Science.

0:10.4

Every morning at 5 o'clock, composer Walter Brzoa would sit down at his computer to anticipate

0:16.0

a particular daily email.

0:18.4

It came from six time zones away, where a team had been working all night, or all day

0:23.8

rather, to draft Beethoven's unfinished tenth symphony, almost two centuries after

0:29.8

his death.

0:31.4

The email contained hundreds of variations, and Brzoa listened to them all.

0:36.8

By nine, ten o'clock in the morning, it's like I'm already in heaven.

0:41.8

Brzoa was listening for the perfect tune, a sound that was unmistakably Beethoven.

0:47.3

But the phrases he was listening to weren't composed by Beethoven.

0:51.0

They were created by artificial intelligence, a computer simulation of Beethoven's creative

0:56.1

process.

0:57.1

The artificial intelligence gave me hundreds and hundreds of options.

1:02.5

Some of better than others, but then there is dead one which grabs you, and that was

1:17.9

just this beautiful process.

1:22.4

Ludwig von Beethoven was one of the most renowned composers in Western music history.

1:28.2

When he died in 1827, he left behind musical sketches and notes that hinted at a masterpiece.

1:35.2

There was barely enough to make out a phrase, let alone a whole symphony, but that didn't

1:39.3

stop people from trying.

1:40.9

In 1988, musicologist Barry Cooper attempted, but he didn't get beyond the first movement.

1:46.7

Beethoven's handwritten notes on the second and third movements are meager, not enough

1:50.7

to compose a symphony.

...

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