Let me start immediately to not lose further time.

I want to make a number of points to you today.

First, sincere cooperation in EU law, I really want to make the argument that it should be EU loyalty

and that you have enough indications that it's EU loyalty.

To make that point, I will also take a step back and look at what loyalty means.

I want to show that the integrative forces of EU loyalty are stronger in EU external relations

than they are in the internal context of EU law.

And I want to show that the exercise of the extended EU powers in external relations

actually have led to a lot of pressure on the EU system, particularly through the pushback

of member states in that area.

And then I want to discuss the justification.

Is it justified that the integrative forces are stronger in the context of EU external relations?

Can it be justified?

And how could it be justified if we want to justify it?

All this draws from my book that will come out in January 2019, so I will have to pick and choose what I tell you, and this is sort of the background of it.

Sincere cooperation as EU loyalty.

I want to make the argument that it's inherent and necessary in the EU treaties that member states and EU institutions

are loyal towards each other. It's really the core of, let's say, federal interaction. And we can

see it in many of the provisions of the treaty, so express provisions such as Article 4,

paragraph 3, the general principle of sincere cooperation.

We have it specifically amongst the EU institutions, Article 13, paragraph 2.

But we also have many other specific obligations that either were codified after the court

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