Okay, it is Tuesday, October 1st at 10, 10 a.m.

What are we going to be talking about today?

So, Roman, I wanted to return to a case that we've talked about before,

New York Times versus Sullivan.

Okay.

And remember in Sullivan, the Supreme Court

set First Amendment limits on libel law.

Now, remember that that was a case in which

there was a lawsuit over an ad published in the New York Times in 1960, and the ad was titled, Heed their Rising Voices.

Now, the ad described what was happening in the civil rights movement in the South and

ended up requesting donations for the legal defense of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Now though most of the facts in the ad were true, it contained some minor inaccuracies.

And it was because of those minor misstatements that L.B. Sullivan sued the times.

Sullivan was the public safety commissioner of Montgomery Alabama.

And even though he wasn't mentioned in the times by name,

Sullivan claimed that the ad falsely accused him of directing the police to

mistreat protesters. So he sued for libel. In New York Times versus Sullivan, the Supreme Court decided in 1964 that it wasn't enough in a liable case brought by a public figure just to prove that the statement was false.

Instead, you'd have to show that the statement was made with knowledge of or reckless disregard for the falsity of the statement, a standard also known as actual malice,

a standard that Sullivan could not meet against the New York Times. Well, I wanted to bring that case up again not because of the

liable standard because of the judge presiding over that case, Walter Berguin Jones.

Judge Jones was known for running an orderly courtroom, but he was also well known in his time for being a white supremacist.

His own father had fought in the Confederacy, and in 1961, when the city of Birmingham, Alabama staged a

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