F. F. F. F. F. F. In 2014, a US marine named Joseph Scott Pemberton stationed in the Philippines, murdered trans woman Jennifer Louday.

He invoked the so-called Trans Panic defense and his charge was reduced from murder to the lesser

charge of homicide. and his

prosecution and conviction sparked a diplomatic standoff between the Philippines and their former colonial ruler.

The US sheltered Pemberton in an armed force's custodian. their former colonial ruler.

The US sheltered Pemberton in an armed forces custodial center and only was eventually

pardoned by the far-right president of the Philippines Rodrigo Duterte in 2020.

This is nothing new.

In the British Raj in India of the 1850s, a moral panic about hydras raged through the colonial

ruling classes.

Administrators worried that this group of gender non-conforming feminine people would seduce and

corrupt their officers with the temptation of sodomy. Men who committed violence against

hejras were excused on the basis that they suffered from a kind of temporary

madness on discovering a heja's quote male body.

According to a recent book by historian Jules Gill Peterson,

the history of trans misogyny stretches far back

to before the modern category of trans womanhood evolved and it impacted far more people than we might at first think.

If we look again at stories of both trans misogyny and trans femininity, we get a greater insight into how gender works,

and how gendered violence helps underwrite systems of racial, class, and Colonial Domination.

Jules Gill-Pietson is an Associate Professor of History at Johns Hopkins University and a general

editor of Transgender Studies Quarterly.

Jules is the co-host of Outwood, Slate, LGBT Podcast, and she's also a member of the Death Panel

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