Okay, so what we're going to be covering next is congenital

diseases. So as far as the NCCPA blueprint, the ones they want you to know is

atrial septal defect, corotation of the aorta, patent ductus arteriosis,

tetral phalot, and ventricular septal defects.

So those are the ones we'll go over today.

Now there's a couple things I wanted to review before you get started,

just to make sure that you're familiar with it.

So some of these conditions are going to be cyanotic,

meaning that you're going to have this non-oxygenated

blood back into the body, and some of these are non-syonotic.

So really quickly, we'll go over that.

So if you have a cyanotic condition, this is when the shunt or the hole in the heart is pushing

blood from the right side of the heart over to the left and then it's getting pumped down to the systemic

circulation. Those are going to be your cyanotic conditions. Now the non- cyanotic are when you have a shunt or a hole that's getting

pushed but in this case it's getting pushed from the left side of the heart to the right. So it doesn't have

any non-oxygenated blood on the left side of the heart pumping out to the systemic

circulation. What's important to note is that even a non-cyonotic condition

which has a left to right shunting can at a certain point reverse if it's large enough if it's been untreated for a number of years.

So a left to right shun can actually reverse to a right to left shunting, becoming cyanotic.

And this is due to pulmonary hypertension due to it being untreated

for so many years and the pressure reversing and switching it over to a right to left shun.

This is known as Eisenmyger Syndrome.

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