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Hi, and welcome to the Longview. I'm Jeff Battach, Chief Ratings Officer for Morningstar Research Services. And I'm Christine Ben's Director of Personal Finance and Retirement Planning for Morning Star.

Our guest this week are Tom Idzorik and Paul Kaplan. This is Tom's second appearance as a guest

and Paul's first. Tom is chief investment officer of retirement for Morning Star Investment

Management. He also

serves as a member of Morningstar's 401k Committee, Public Policy Council, Global Investment

Committee, U.S. Investment Policy Committee, and the editorial board of Morning Star Magazine.

Before retiring in 2023, Paul was Director of Research for Morningstar Canada and a senior member of

Morning Stars global research team. He led the development of many of the quantitative

methodologies behind Morning Stars fund analysis, indexes, advisor tools, and other services.

Tom and Paul are accomplished researchers and authors, having individually published or collaborated on numerous academic papers, accepted to prestigious peer review journals, and their work has received numerous awards through the years.

In today's interview, we're focusing on one of their recent collaborations, their new book, Lifetime Financial Advice, a personalized, optimal, multi-level approach tom and paul welcome

to the long view thanks for having us yes thank you for having us oh it's our pleasure thanks again

for being here we're really excited to have this conversation so i wanted to start we're going to

talk quite a bit about the book but we wanted to start by sort of situating it,

putting it in context. So maybe Tom, I'll start with you.

You know, before we dive into the details of the book, can you talk about how the research

...