From New York Times, I'm Michael Bobarrow. This is the Daily.

Weeks before taking office, Donald Trump is doubling down on tariffs as the way to bring back the millions of American manufacturing jobs that have been

lost over the past 30 years.

Today, trade reporter Anna Swanson brings us a reality check on whether tariffs worked in Trump's

first term and how they compare with the alternative approach used by President Biden.

It's Monday, December 2nd.

So, honor, the world has spent the past few days absorbing Donald Trump's threat to impose enormous tariffs on America's three biggest trading partners.

25% tariffs on goods coming in from Mexico and Canada, 10% tariffs on goods coming in from China.

And in doing so, Trump said very loudly and very clearly that his approach to protecting American jobs and American manufacturing is back.

Yeah, and these are really large levels of tariffs.

So this action is going to raise tariffs on some of America's closest to

allies like Canada and Mexico to levels that the country hasn't seen since the 1950s.

Trump has tied this round of tariffs to goals for stopping immigration and drugs entering the

United States. But typically he sees tariffs as his primary tool for bringing

manufacturing jobs back to the United States and helping the U.S. economy. And he has really

extensive plans to impose them around the world with our trading partners in order to do that.

And that is a sharp contrast with the current president,

Biden, who really thinks that the way you keep jobs in the United States is by directly investing

in American industry. Right. Trump, tariffs, Biden, direct investment. And it seems like an

interesting moment to be having this conversation with you

because we have an incoming president who is articulating a plan for tariffs so vividly and

forcefully while the sitting president is still applying the approach you just described. So that

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